The gnepine hypothesis

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Web6 Mar 2024 · A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a precise, testable statement of what the researcher (s) predict will be the outcome of the study. It is stated at the start of the … WebThe “gnepine hypothesis” places the gnetophytes within the conifers, though the taxonomic system used here identifies them as a sister group. Order Ephedrales Family: Ephedraceae. Order Gnetales Family: Gnetaceae. Order Welwitschiales Family: Welwitschiaceae (a single extant genus and species, Welwitschia mirabilis). Division Pinophyta

—Maximum likelihood tree inferred from a …

The gnepine hypothesis is a modification of the gnetifer hypothesis, and suggests that the gnetophytes belong within the conifers as a sister group to the Pinaceae. According to this hypothesis, the conifers as currently defined are not a monophyletic group, in contrast with molecular findings that support its … See more Gnetophyta is a division of plants (alternatively considered the subclass Gnetidae or order Gnetales), grouped within the gymnosperms (which also includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgos), that consists of … See more Unlike most biological groupings, it is difficult to find many common characteristics between all of the members of the gnetophytes. The two common characteristics most commonly used are the presence of enveloping bracts around both the See more Knowledge of gnetophyte history through fossil discovery has increased greatly since the 1980s. Although some fossils that have been … See more With just three well-defined genera within an entire division, there still is understandable difficulty in establishing an unambiguous interrelationship among them; in earlier times matters were even more difficult and we find for example Pearson in the early … See more Web1 May 2024 · Morphological studies, historically, agree that gnetophytes are a sister group of angiosperms (anthophyte hypothesis) (reviewed in Doyle 1998 ), because of obviously similar characteristics, such as, the existence of vessel elements and the simple, unisexual, flower-like reproductive organs. kühlwasserthermostat funktion

gnetifer: meaning - WordSense

Web‘‘anthophyte’’hypothesis that proposedGnetales as thesister group of ﬂowering plants [29, 30]. Conversely, our topology rejects the monophyly of conifers and is consistent with the ‘‘gnepine’’ hypothesis [31–34]. This evolutionary scenario implies that Gnetales lost several synapomorphies of conifers Web29 Aug 2011 · the context of the "gnepine hypothesis" (Bowe et al., 2000; Zhonget al., 2011), or of the "gne- cup hypothesis" (Ruhfel et al., 2014), in which Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. … Web1 Jun 2014 · However, the Gnepine hypothesis has not been completely accepted by botanists, and it is still difficult to understand the sister relationship between Gnetales and … kuhl wax for clothing

gnetifer: meaning - WordSense

WebThe Antophyte hypothesis. The gnetifer hypothesis. The cycad hypothesis. The Gnepine hypothesis. Cycads are a group of plants with reproductive cones instead of fruits. If the … WebMultiple studies also indicate that the Gnetophyta belong within the conifers despite their distinct appearances, either placing them as a sister group to Pinales (the 'gnepine' hypothesis) or as being more derived than Pinales but sister to the rest of the group. Most recent studies favor the 'gnepine' hypothesis. kühlwasserthermostatWebOur survey substantially extends previous inferences based on more limited sampling and, if the former evolutionary interpretation is correct, it provides additional support for the contentious “gnepine” hypothesis, which places … kuhl women\u0027s flannel shirt

"WebThe Antophyte hypothesis. The gnetifer hypothesis. The cycad hypothesis. The Gnepine hypothesis. Cycads are a group of plants with reproductive cones instead of fruits. If the cycads are actually more closely related to Angiosperms, bearing reproductive cones would be a _____ (evolved independently in two separated groups) in seed plants " - The gnepine hypothesis

The gnepine hypothesis

Research Hypothesis: Definition, Types, & Examples - Simply …

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1340905/FULLTEXT01.pdf Web20 Jun 2024 · The Gnepine hypothesis is supported by 46.3% CDS (1st + 2nd), 52.4% CDS and 40.3% AA trees, respectively ( figure 2 ). None of the other hypotheses is supported by more than 10% orthogroups, except that the Gnetales–other gymnosperms hypothesis is supported by approximately 11.4–22.4% orthogroups.

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Web1 Sep 2004 · In summary, results of molecular analyses have highlighted the difficulty of resolving seed plant relationships, and the three hypotheses that receive the most support … Web2 Jul 2010 · Additionally, independent lines of evidence supporting the “Gnepine” hypothesis were recently provided by plastid structural losses, such as the loss of all ndh genes …

Web1 May 2024 · Morphological studies, historically, agree that gnetophytes are a sister group of angiosperms (anthophyte hypothesis) (reviewed in Doyle 1998 ), because of obviously similar characteristics, such as, the existence of vessel elements and the simple, unisexual, flower-like reproductive organs. Webhypothesis: [noun] an assumption or concession made for the sake of argument. an interpretation of a practical situation or condition taken as the ground for action.

Web25 May 2024 · The Gnepine hypothesis is favored by most studies (Ran et al., 2024), including a recent phylogeny based on mitochondrial protein-coding genes (Kan et al., 2024). On the other hand, plastid DNA strongly supports the GneCup hypothesis (Ruhfel et al., 2014; Gitzendanner et al., 2024; Leebens-Mack et al., 2024). This incongruence between … WebWhen 2,250 of the most varied sites in our concatenated alignment are excluded, phylogenetic analyses favor a close evolutionary relationship between the Gnetales and …

Webtopologies have been proposed: the Gnetifer hypothesis (Gnetales sister to Pinaceae and cupressophytes (Rydin et al. 2002; Rydin and Korall 2009), the Gnepine hypothesis (Gnetales sister to Pinaceae; e.g., Chaw et al. 2000 and the Gnecup hypothesis (Gnetales sister to cupressophytes; Braukmann et al. 2009; Mathews 2009 and references within).

Web15 Sep 2014 · In particular, the Gnepine hypothesis (Gnetales sister to Pinaceae) is supported by more and more molecular phylogenetic studies after eliminating bias in data … kühlzelle tecto standard plusWeb1 Jun 2024 · A high quality of sequence alignment was finally used in the phylogenetic analysis, which strongly supports Gnetales as sister to Pinaceae (the Gnepine hypothesis). We found that significant incongruence among gene trees is mostly caused by partial convergent molecular evolution or homoplasy between Gnetales and angiosperms. 2. … kuhl wyldefire jacket reviewsWebGnetales includes the three isolated genera Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia. Based on the early cladistic analyses using morphological characters, Gnetales was considered to … kuhl z cargo shorts mensWebevaluate this question, but the most consistent and perhaps reasonable result supports the gnepine hypothesis. Recently, Braukmann et al. (2010) found a large number of structural alterations of the plastid genome that are shared by all conifers and Gnetidae, and in particular Gnetidae and Pinaceae uniquely share the loss of all ndh kuhmo finland winter picturesWeb1 Sep 2004 · In summary, results of molecular analyses have highlighted the difficulty of resolving seed plant relationships, and the three hypotheses that receive the most support in molecular analyses, the gnepine, gnetifer, and Gnetales-sister trees, are not completely consistent with all the available data. kuhn and haines keyser wvWeb14 Dec 2024 · The Gnepine hypothesis is thought to be the most accurate as it is the most commonly retrieved topology in recent studies, but the morphological gap between Pinaceae and Gnetales is still considerable. The use of molecular data alone may not provide all the evidence for an exact relationship between the conifers and Gnetales. This may be due to ... kuhl wikipedia history clothingWeb21 Dec 2024 · The gnepine hypothesis is a modification of the gnetifer hypothesis, and suggests that the gnetophytes belong within the conifers as a sister group to the … kuhn 5143 vertical mixer